We used the proportion of smokers by age group, the median age of starting smoking, and the average number of cigarettes smoked per week in the 1996 general household survey. Applying the rates of Doll et al to the latest interim life tables for men in England and Wales, with adjustment for the proportion of smokers and non-smokers in each five year age group, 3 we found a difference in life expectancy between smokers and non-smokers of 6.5 years. 2 Average life expectancy from birth for the whole population or subgroups can be derived from life tables. 1 The relative death rates of smokers compared with non-smokers were threefold for men aged 45-64 and twofold for those aged 65-84, 1 as corroborated elsewhere. We derived the difference in life expectancy for smokers and non-smokers by using mortality ratios from the study of Doll et al of 34 000 male doctors over 40 years. Our calculation is for men only and based on the difference in life expectancy between male smokers and non-smokers and an estimate of the total number of cigarettes a regular male smoker might consume in his lifetime. We estimated how much life is lost in smoking one cigarette. These findings may also be converted into differences in life expectancy. I find that these two adjustments bring out details in my images that I may have not noticed.Editor-Studies investigating the impact on mortality of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors such as smoking tend to report death rates, death rate ratios, odds ratios, or the chances of smokers reaching different ages. My favorite adjustments in On1 Effects are the Amazing Detail Finder located under the sharpening tab and clarity under the tone enhancement tab. Most of the time I create my own images, but I also try the others out. And as an O1 user, I receive several preset packages throughout the year. I am able to layer and mask my images to bring out the details I want or to add in textures or other color enhancements to make my images stand out. I make my adjustments in Lightroom then move my image over to On1 Effects to further process my image.įor me On1 is a very simple way to enhance my images using the filters they have built into the program. What I found out was On1 can be used as a plug-in or as a stand alone software. I thought it was odd they had another company promoting their products at the workshop, but I took the time to watch the demo during our lunch break. I received a free version of Perfect Effects for attending a Kelby Photoshop Workshop. I have been an On1 user since about version 6. Because I was using professional equipment (my flash was on a monopod and I was using it for fill) I guess they thought we were having an “organized photoshoot.” We got what we needed plus a great story to tell! I do like this photograph the cherry blossoms were added in post processing. We were told the reason we had to leave was because we could not have an “organized photoshoot” on federal property. While we were taking a few photographs we were asked to leave by security agents. He and Stephanie were married in March behind the Smithsonian Castle. I took this using a flash so I could retain the colors in the sunset, also so I could have them visible in the image.Īndy is my cousin. I went outside to check on the sunset and asked them to come out for a few photographs. Ben and Elisha got married in Australia where they live and came to Cincinnati for their reception. Two of my favorite wedding photographs of the year were from Ben and Elisha’s reception and Stephanie and Andy’s wedding.
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